Friday, April 26, 2024

Mind benders


As a public service, NEWS of the WORLD reprints The FUNNY STUFF FUNNIES, an educational comic book giving basic facts on drugs and alcohol. Each post reproduces a page from the booklet, which is aimed at young persons and which avoids sermonizing and excessive wordiness.

XIV
R.A. Zimmerman: Knocking on Heaven's Door
G&R: Knocking on Heaven's Door


BN1
Tap phone images for better views.
On this page you will find facts about mind bender chems such as marijuana and LSD, as listed just below. While it is true that the chems Ecstasy and ketamine certainly are potent mind benders, it was more convenient to talk about them on the Sex and Chems page.

On this page are facts about:
Marijuana and hashish
LSD
Peyote, mescaline
Psilocybin, magic mushrooms
DMT
N-bombs and the like
Angel dust (PCP)
Salvia
BN2
Fab Four: I Am the Walrus

Mind benders tend to mess with your head by producing hallucinations and the idea that you are not your usual self. Sometimes these effects can be fun, even exhilirating. Other times they can be disturbing, or even terribly frightening.

It's not true that mentally well-balanced people are immune from bad trips. Anyway, nearly everyone is pretty confident in their stability. But these drugs dial down that part of your mental system that maintains control. Though letting go can be fun, it can also turn out to be one big hassle -- sort of like letting go of the steering wheel while you're driving. Might be OK. Might not.

As a rule, hallucinogens can have these physical effects, which become more apparent with higher dosage:
Dilation of the pupils
Rapidly pounding heart
Heightened blood pressure
Boosted body temperature
Heavy perspiration
Headaches
Muscle weakness
Poor coordination
Spiritual experiences have often been reported by users of mind bender drugs. We don't argue with that claim. But in general we see little evidence that such experiences solve a person's life problems. After the "oh wow" effect wears off, most people go back to their same-o-same-o behaviors, whatever their drug-aided insights.
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Hallucinogen bad trips include distorted reality, fear, agitation, confusion, delirium, psychosis. You may even go into a drug-induced schizophrenia. At the ER, you'll be given tranquilizers, but that doesn't mean you're out of the woods.

A possibly unwelcome effect of mind bender usage is the flashback: suddenly a piece of a nightmare trip flashes into your field of vision. You're hit with a sudden dose of terror. These can occur weeks, and even years after your bad trip. When dealing with someone having a bad trip, it is important that you present yourself as calm and helpful. Tell the person:
You are not your thoughts. You are OK. You'll feel better soon.
With quite a few hallucinogens, tolerance is a concern. Your body builds up resistance to the chem, which it regards as toxic, and so as your use progresses you find you need more and more to obtain the result you're hoping for. The trouble with that scenario is you increase the likelihood of taking just a bit too much and winding up in some nightmarish bad trip that leaves you either dead or mentally screwed up for years to come.
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Marijuana
Marijuana is a big thing among teenagers these days. But, if you smoke it regularly as a kid, the stuff can dumb you down permanently. Studies show that your IQ is liable to drop significantly.

Tho you're unlikely to die of a marijuana overdose, you could die of a side effect of being high. The slow reactions and too-mellow thinking of a marijuana high make for deadly danger behind the wheel, or when operating other machinery.

Young women have been told by marijuana dispensaries that they can ease morning sickness by chilling with an MJ joint. But, pot smoking elevates the danger to the unborn baby. Children of pot-smoking moms tend to be born underweight and to show developmental problems.
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Marijuana is the chopped leaves, flowers, stems and seeds from Cannabis plants. These days MJ is quite a bit stronger than it was in your boomer grandparents' heyday. Growers bred the plants to yield higher THC content, the ingredient that causes your brain's neurons to light up all over.

Now with both medicinal and recreational usage permitted in quite a few states, MJ has become even more of a party drug. As a result, hospital emergency rooms are seeing more patients with acute THC toxicity. That is, they're freaked out and don't know which end is up.

Freakout reactions may not be the norm, but hey, you can't really predict how this stuff will affect you, despite you having been cool in the past. That's because marijuana is not only a relaxant, it's also a hallucinogen. Usually the hallucinatory state is mild and brings on relaxed, pleasant, even giggly feelings. But hallcinations can get rather severe, leading to a general loss of confidence, and even to paranoia or panic.
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The chance of a negative result goes up with the THC content.

Hashish is made from compressing the part of the Cannabis plant with the most THC. This product is sometimes called dab or superdab, since you only need a dab to get high.

Another way to swallow a bunch of THC is to eat MJ-laced food, like brownies or cookies. You might casually take in more than you intended because you thought you weren't getting high. But, while it takes only one or two draws on smokable MJ to start feeling something, with edibles the high doesn't come until your body digests the stuff -- maybe a half hour after you eat.

Heavy THC use can have bad consequences. A person who smokes high-THC stuff routinely may one day suddenly wig out, and require hospitalization. Chem-induced psychosis is not necessarily easy to treat. Some victims stay locked up for quite a spell.
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Another risk of routine use of high-grade Cannabis is addiction. At one time the idea of physical addiction to MJ seemed preposterous. But the high THC-drugs around these days have changed that view. The addicted person's mind and body develop a craving for the THC when it is not present.

Can heavy pot use bring on schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness in which victims see and hear things that others don't, believe off-the-wall ideas that no one else can grasp, and -- most importantly -- have great difficulty caring for themselves and others responsibly. One major study shows that men in their 20s cut their risk of schizophrenia by nearly one-third if they cut out heavy use of MJ. For males between 15 and 50, the chance of becoming schizophrenic fell by 15 percent for those who put down the happy weed habit.
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At present, some 16 million Americans have Cannabis use disorder. That is, they can't or won't put the stuff aside. That situation may worsen as more and more people take up decriminalized pot, which these days is rather potent. Withdrawal symptoms are not that serious, but not easy to cope with:
Grouchiness
Sleeplessness
Poor appetite
Anxiety
Cravings
In any case, it's certainly possible to become psychologically dependent on the stuff. Perhaps 10 percent or more of users develop a Cannabis use disorder.

What is going on with you that you only feel right if you dose yourself daily? Maybe you should ask yourself some questions.

Possible short-term effects of marijuana:
Not great for lungs (in fact, vaping THC can lead to fatal illness)
Heart beats faster
Altered senses, as in seeing brighter colors or hearing musical sound more pleasurably
Altered sense of time
Mood changes
Poor reflexes and coordination
Slow thinking and poor problem-solving
Impaired memory
Hallucinations (with high doses)
Delusions (with high doses)
BN9
Fab Four: Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
Elton: Lucy...
Fred: Judy in Disguise with Glasses


LSD
It is not true that mentally well-balanced people can't experience bad trips on LSD.

LSD -- or lysergic acid diethylamide -- is sold under the table in various guises -- usually as a tablet, capsule, liquid-soaked sugar cubes or colored blot on blotter paper.

People report all kinds of psychedelic experiences while tripping on LSD, which can last somewhere between six and 15 hours. The stuff can be seductive, because it can create the impression that you are gaining powerful spiritual insights. But, it turns out, that these chems do little to solve your life problems. It's too much like an "easy" game. In any case, 100 "good trips" do nothing to make up for one "bad trip," which can result in longterm drug-induced psychosis. If you think Russian roulette is cool, then LSD is for you.

After all, the chem can meddle with your sense of self, something you need in order to get along in life. How can you retain control of where your mind is going if the chem is causing your brain's neurons to fire every which way but right? There's a brain filter called the thalamus that stops filtering your brain signals correctly. That's OK sometimes. Other times, it's way uncool.

People who are freaking out on a bad trip are usually given benzos to bring them down. But there is no guarantee the patient won't have long-lasting mental problems stemming from that trip. Sometimes nasty flashbacks bedevil a person for days or months, and occasionally years, after the bad trip.

LSD by itself is rarely fatal. But people can die from the crazy decisions they make while their heads are blasted.
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Peyote, mescaline
Mescaline is the ingredient in peyote cactus buttons that induces strange head trips. Peyote has been smoked or eaten for thousands of years by Native Americans living in what is now Northern Mexico and the U.S. Southwest.

If you eat or smoke the buttons, you may become very nauseous and start puking your brains out before you actually experience the psychedelic effects.

Yet even if you use straight artificially made mescaline, the chance of a bum trip seems to be pretty high. Sure, you may be fortunate and have a pleasurable experience, in which your brain makes colorful geometric patterns out of what you see and does weird things with music. But how would you like to be in a hellish, paranoid state for some 16 hours? Might be better not to go there.

The fresh or dried buttons are typically chewed or soaked in water to make a potent drink. Or they may be ground into a powder that is mixed into a smokable like marijuana or tobacco. Sometimes the powder is put into capsules. Aside from triggering vomiting, peyote's physical effects are pretty much the same as for other hallucinogens (see above).

Mescaline was heavily studied by scientists in the first half of the 20th Century, but eventually they lost interest, in part because of the chem's unpredictability. One person would have a delightful trip; the next would undergo a horrible freakout.
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Psilocybin, magic mushrooms
Psilocybin is the chemical ingredient found in several types of mushrooms that brings on a high. The crumbled plant is usually brewed in tea or mixed with food, thus masking the bitter taste.

After 30 minutes or so, the drug takes effect, sending the user on a trip that lasts some six to eight hours. During that time perception of people and objects is altered.

With shrooms, you never know what you're getting. You might get too high a dose, or something mixed in that hikes the potential for a bad trip. There is also a chance the mushrooms aren't the "magic" ones, but rather are poisonous lookalikes.

Psychiatrists are testing psilocybin as an aid to psychotherapy. Doses are carefully controlled and patients are carefully monitored, which is not the situation for casual users.

DMT
DMT is a chem easily extracted from Australian and South American plants, such as Ayahuasca. Users get a quick trip to lala land, the world of psychedelic experience. But rather than lasting hours, DMT generally wears off after 30 minutes.

It may come served like tea.

As with LSD and other psychedelics, users face the risk of unpredictable bad trips.
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N-bombs and the like
Here are some chemical names: 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, and 25B-NBOMe.

And here are some street names: N-bomb, Smiles, 25I, 25C, 25B.

These drugs are super-potent, something like a combo of acid and meth. That's not a good combo, because you not only are perceiving reality in a distorted way, you are also amped up and liable to become paranoid or aggressive -- even wildly violent.

It's a bad drug. Numerous people have died while their brain and body systems were going bonkers.

At least 200 other psychedelics have been formulated since LSD was concocted in 1938. Among them are the 2C compounds of phenethylamines. Another of the mind-benders goes by the handle Bromo-Dragonfly.

A problem with taking such pills is that if you wind up in an ER, the doctors may not be fully informed as to the best way to treat you. What did you take? You may think it was LSD. But was it?

Angel dust, PCP
Angel dust is a street name for the drug PCP, or phencyclidine. It has a very bad reputation. Many a user feels like a combative space alien who is 10-feet tall and bulletproof.
BN13
Dead: Casey Jones
Harry: Zombie Jamboree


Angel dust is often found in marijuana or tobacco cigarettes (superweed, whacko tobacco and so on).

PCP is a hallucinogen with narcotic, or opioid, properties. The pure stuff comes as a white powder, but, as it is often concocted in home labs, it may well be contaminated with stuff that makes what you get brown and gummy.

Originally, PCP was used for medical purposes, but these days it's no longer legally available. Illegally, it is sold in tablets or capsules. Or, as a colored powder which can be either smoked or snorted.

PCP base is sold as a liquid and may come dissolved in ether, a highly flammable solvent.

Most angel dust is smoked after having been sprayed onto tobacco, marijuana or some herb such as parseley. Injection by hypodermic syringe is another possibility.
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The "high" -- if you want to call it that -- lasts some four to six hours.

Some effects:
A feeling of being a far-off observer of your surroundings and those around you.
Feeling like Superman
Numbness of hands and feet
Slurred speech
Poor coordination
Blank stare
Rapid eye movements
Crazy, exaggerated gait
Hearing voices that no one else hears
Things look weird
Strange moods
Amnesia
Acute anxiety, with a feeling of impending doom
Paranoia
Violent hostility
Schizophrenic state of mind
Suicide -- even after a low dose
High doses of PCP can also bring on seizures, coma and death.
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Stepp: Magic Carpet Ride
Stepp: Born to be Wild
Jimi: Purple Haze


PCP is addictive and use often leads to psychological dependence, craving, and compulsive PCP-seeking behavior. Long-time users of PCP report symptoms of:
Memory loss
Difficulties with speech and learning
Depression
Weight loss
Angel dust is even more dangerous when mixed with other depressants, such as alcohol or benzos. The risk of coma or respiratory failure rises. In the case of PCP and alcohol, the violence factor is really bad.

Those going thru a PCP overdose need to be professionally monitored and restrained to prevent them from harming themselves and others.

Salvia
Salvia divinorum is a plant used by Native Americans in Mexico for religious experiences.

The leaves from the plant contain the potent hallucinogenic chemical salvinorin A. As used by the tribespeople, the plant is plenty strong. But aside from being chewed, it can be smoked or vaped.

In any case, the processed stuff used by recreational users is liable to be much stronger than what the medicine men have been using over the centuries. That fact may easily yield a trip so unpleasant that you'll never do it again -- if you survive your temporary insanity.

Maybe you'll be OK. Maybe you won't die when you play Russian roulette, either.

You take your chances.
BN16

The author of The Funny Stuff Funnies takes sole responsibility for the content of this e-booklet. This booklet has not been sponsored, either directly or indirectly, by any government or non-government organization or fellowship, such as AA or NA.

Go to NEXT page.
Find table of content for Funny Stuff Funnies at this link.
The Lunapic image editor contributed greatly to this booklet's pictorial enhancement. Other image editors used were Palette and Petalica.
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Uppers


As a public service, NEWS of the WORLD reprints The FUNNY STUFF FUNNIES, an educational comic book giving basic facts on drugs and alcohol. Each post reproduces a page from the booklet, which is aimed at young persons and which avoids sermonizing and excessive wordiness.

XIII
Tap phone images for better views.
Types of stimulants discussed in these pages are:
✓ Cocaine
✓ Amphetamines
✓ Meth
The chem Ecstasy is often classed as a stimulant. For facts on Ecstasy, please go to the Sex and Chems page.
Stimulants: The Big Picture
Stimulants prompt the body to temporarily boost mental and physical energy. Many, many types of uppers exist. Below are discussed a few that are used a lot.

Uppers trigger your body into a state of hyper-alertness -- as if you are poised to deal with an immediate threat to your survival.

The caffeine in coffee, tea and energy drinks is used for this purpose, and can be used to excess. Yet caffeine doesn't ordinarily speed up your system to the extent that cocaine and amphetamines do. Nicotine also counts as a stimulant, though tobacco and nicotine are not discussed in this booklet.
To a greater or lesser extent, all stimulants tell the heart and lungs to work harder than normal. With excessive use of the stronger stuff, the risk of heart damage and strokes goes up. Some young people become disabled for life after drug-induced heart damage, if they survive at all.

People who use stimulants a lot often forget to eat and drink. They neglect personal hygiene. They lose muscle. Nasty health problems arise from constant under-hydration. A mouthful of rotten teeth is a strong possibility.

High dosages of a stimulant may trigger episodes of acute anxiety, or "paranoia." BUT, anxiety attacks can occur with use of almost any mind-bender chem.

Longterm users of strong stimulants sometimes "go buggy." The nervous system develops a glitch that signals the user that her or his skin is crawling with bugs. Sometimes victims scratch themselves bloody trying to get at the "bugs."
Cocaine
Cocaine HCL. This is refined from the coca plant that grows in South America, where for centuries, people chewed coca leaves to help them endure the stress of mountain hikes. Coke can be used in various ways, but in the HCL (hydrochloride) form was often inhaled nasally (snorted).

Cocaine HCL has been used for more than 100 years as a local anesthetic for medical procedures, though its abuse brought crackdowns even on medical use.

Crack cocaine. Crack -- which makes a crackling sound while burning -- is made from cocaine HCL so that it can be smoked. Crack users need much less cocaine to get the high than do snorters. That's why crack is preferred.

Crack also goes by the names rock (it is sold in small hard lumps) and freebase (because the "base" drug has been freed for smokability) -- along with many other street names.
The crack rush doesn't last long, but while it does, users often gain a strong sense of well-being. This reaction may give relief to people who suffer from anxiety or depression, even if they are unaware that they have those hassles. And a large percentage of people do indeed suffer from all kinds of mental blocks and inhibitions, making the desire for more very strong. Crack is highly addictive.
Bill: Rock Around the Clock

By spurring the "animal reflexes," cocaine often makes users feel sexually revved up and sometimes extremely aggressive. Murderous rages don't only occur while drunk. They can occur while high on crack.

And use of various chems in combination -- such as coke and booze -- can bring about a disastrous loss of self-control.

Crack use by pregnant women brings severe danger to the baby. Perils include miscarriage, stillbirth, birth defects and addiction of the newborn.

Crackheads usually don't exhibit much in the way of obvious physical withdrawal symptoms. But that hardly makes it a snap to quit.

Here are some symptoms of withdrawal: anxiety, panic attacks, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, excessive sleepiness, nightmares, severe drug cravings, inability to experience pleasure, and even psychosis.

Some of the symptoms stem from your body's need for rest and recovery. Others stem from the fact that your body is signaling you that something's wrong: the drug you have programed it to accept is missing.
Amphetamines
Like cocaine, amphetamines jolt the nervous system, but the effect ordinarily lasts hours instead of minutes.

Amphetamine was synthesized in order to mimick the effects of the herbal drug ephedra, which has long been used to stimulate breathing in asthma victims. These stimulants open up constricted bronchial tubes by triggering the body's "fight or flight" response. Heart pumping ramps up. The respiratory system gulps big breaths of air. Adrenaline courses thru the system. Blood pressure might go up. Hunger and sleepiness are sidelined. Perception becomes highly focused. A degree of compulsivity emerges.

People without breathing problems found that they enjoyed the "adrenaline rush," which might help them endure long hours at ho-hum jobs or help them get to work after an alcohol-fueled night out or simply help them to stay in a party mood while out drinking.
Militaries everywhere have, since World War II, used amphetamines to keep soldiers going under combat duress, and to make them more willing to take risk.

They are popular among students cramming for exams, and among professionals whose work requires high, prolonged mental focus.

Amphetamines have been legally prescribed not only for asthma, but as diet pills and to prevent people with narcolepsy from continually falling asleep during waking hours, as well as for some epileptics.

They are also used to help children and youths with problems staying focused to attend to schoolwork.
Dexedrine, Adderall and similar chems
Prescription stimulants are used to treat attention deficit problems, narcolepsy (excessive daytime sleepiness) and obesity.

Amphetamine chems prescribed in the United States:
Dexedrine
ProCentra
Zenzedi
These uppers are composed of dextroemphetamine.

Dynavel
Evekeo
These are composed of amphetamine.

Adderall and Adderall XR
These are composed of a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine.

Desoxyn.
This is composed of methamphetamine.

Vyvanse
This is composed of lisdexamfetamine.
Other prescription uppers
Ritalin
Concerta
Daytrana
Metadate
Methylin
All these brands are made from the chem methylphenidate.

Focalin is made from dexmethylphenidate.
Amphetamines and methylphenidates have similar effects on the central nervous system, and abuse poses similar or identical dangers.

Overuse brings a strong danger of addiction. That's because your body fights the stuff and tries to protect you the way it fights off a virus. The result can be that you need more and more to feel the rush you got the first few times. The more you use, the more your body adjusts to the chem, which winds up with you on the addiction road. That is, you've programed your body to act as though the drugged condition is normal, so it keeps shooting for that phony normal.
Meth
Meth is short for methamphetamine, which is a chem still legally used to treat attention deficit disorder.

But the term "meth" generally refers to "speed" sold illegally.
Crystal
These days the most common form is "crystal," which is highly concentrated stuff and, like crack, is easily smoked, which means that less of the chem is needed to get off than if it is swallowed or snorted.(Other slang names are "glass" and "ice.") Some users inject it, thus boosting their chances of catching needle-borne blood ailments such as HIV and hepatitus.

Crank
At one time, white-powder meth was widely distributed to users who snorted or dealers who put it into pill form. The powder sometimes carries the handle "crank" because it can easily be cranked, or converted, into liquid or base form. Some users inject it.

Base
Base is an oily substance with a brownish-yellow hue. It is more concentrated than crank, and less concentrated than crystal. Base is usually injected, though some users swallow it.
Meth mouth. The basic cause of meth mouth -- many rotted and missing teeth -- seems to be that the meth dries out the protective saliva your body uses to naturally help your teeth.

Also, the meth kicks off adrenalin, which results in a lot of grinding of teeth. And many meth heads crave a lot of sugary soda pop, which eats away at tooth enamel. Further, most meth heads are too tweaky to bother with dental hygiene.

The author of The Funny Stuff Funnies takes sole responsibility for the content of this e-booklet. This booklet has not been sponsored, either directly or indirectly, by any government or non-government organization or fellowship, such as AA or NA.
Go to NEXT page.
Find table of content for Funny Stuff Funnies at this link.
The Lunapic image editor contributed greatly to this booklet's pictorial enhancement. Other image editors used were Palette and Petalica.
website hits counter
Do your friends and your friends' kids a favor, and post one or more Funny Stuff links on social media.

Downers


As a public service, NEWS of the WORLD reprints The FUNNY STUFF FUNNIES, an educational comic book giving basic facts on drugs and alcohol. Each post reproduces a page from the booklet, which is aimed at young persons and which avoids sermonizing and excessive wordiness.

XII
Tap phone images for better views.
This page covers depressants -- chems most often used to slow the nervous system. These are often called downers. Facts about the depressant alcohol are found on a separate alcohol page. Facts about some so-called sex drugs are found on Sex and chems page.
DW1

On this page you'll find facts on the following chems:
✓ Heroin, morphine, opium and codeine
✓ Fentanyl
✓ Oxy and prescription pain pills
✓ Barbiturates
✓ Benzos and Z-drugs
✓ Xylazine

For facts on:
GHB and Rohypnol, please go to the Sex and chems page.
Alcohol, please go to the main the main alcohol page or use an alcohol page link in the sidebar.

DW2
Fab Four: A Day in the Life
FF: Baby, you can drive my car

Chill pills
Some prescription chems that slow the brain are known as sedatives and tranquilizers. They can be helpful in treating anxiety or sleep problems. The main types of tranquilizer are benzos, barbiturates and sleep medicines. You'll find the basic facts about them below.

These chems slow the nervous system. Some make it impossible to do much, while others leave the person more or less functioning.

Some chill pills kill pain. Others don't.

The technical difference between sedative and tranquilizer is that sedatives kill pain and put you in a stupor, which tranquilizers don't do. Also, when people say tranquilizer they normally mean minor tranquilizer. The major tranquilizers are psychiatric drugs used to calm people with severe mental disorders.

Sedatives slow the nervous system and offer a fair degree of pain relief, putting the person in a twilight state.

Tranquilizers also slow the nervous system, but do not ordinarily result in an inability to function.
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Nervous system slowdown
The word narcotic is often used to describe chems that slow down body and mind — they depress your nervous system and tend to make you sleepy. They come under such headings as opioids (or opiates), prescription painkillers and barbiturates.

Alcohol is also a major nervous system depressant. Please see the main alcohol page for more facts.

Opiates and opioids desensitize the body to pain. Relief of small, often unnoticed pains, along with relaxation of muscle nervous tension, tends to induce a sense of well-being. The person feels relief from all the slings and arrows of life, all the petty fears and concerns. That sense of relief is a strong incentive for many young people who suffer from "routine" levels of anxiety associated with civilized life.
DW4
By suppressing nervous excitability, opioids have proved effective at controlling nagging coughs and diarrhea.

But that very quality can lead the breathing system to shut down, with severe brain damage or death quickly following.

People who use such chems regularly tend to need more and more in order to get the desired high, thus increasing the likelihood of severe injury or death from overdose.

Those who use downers to knock out the pain of life also knock out much of its meaning.

In particular, when opiates enter, three driving forces of life often leave: sex, action and hunger. Users "fly low and die slow" (and sometimes not so slow).
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Heroin
Heroin is an opiate chem made from morphine, a drug processed from poppy plants.

Heroin is sold on the street as a white or brown powder or as a black sticky substance called "black tar."

People inject, sniff, snort, or smoke heroin. Some users mix heroin with crack cocaine in a "speedball."

Heroin rapidly floods brain sectors that quiet anxieties and induce a sense of well-being. As with other downers the heart pumps less vigorously than usual and the breathing system slows down.

Aside from the feel-good rush, other effects include dry mouth, arms and legs feeling very heavy, and being mentally spaced out. While "nodding," the user is out of touch and unable to communicate with anyone.
DW6
Heroin is often stretched out or "cut" with such things as sugar, starch and powdered milk. These can clog blood vessels that lead to the lungs, liver, kidneys or brain. The result is not good.

Even worse, heroin these days is often cut with the extremely powerful painkiller fentanyl. It doesn't take much fentanyl for you to OD and die. Yet you have no way of knowing how much is in the heroin you are buying.
DW7
Long-term effects of heroin use may include collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, severe under-the-skin tissue damage, and lung complications.

Naloxone, if given soon after an overdose, is a medicine that has proved effective in reviving opiate and opioid OD victims. Nalaxone -- which is often referred to by the brand name Narcan -- nasal spray is available over the counter in many locales. This powerful life-saver can also be injected by syringe. Its use requires no medical expertise, which is a big plus, since time is of the essence when administering this med.

Heroin can lead to addiction, a form of substance use disorder. Withdrawal symptoms include severe muscle and bone pain, sleep problems, diarrhea and vomiting, and severe cravings for the drug.

Withdrawal from heroin may include these symptoms:
Restlessness
Severe muscle and bone pain
Sleep problems
Diarrhea and vomiting
Cold flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey")
Uncontrollable leg movements ("kicking the habit")
Severe heroin cravings
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Morphine
Morphine is closely related to the chem heroin. Both derive from the poppy plant. Morphine is commonly used medically to give pain relief to severely afflicted patients.

Though not as strong as heroin as a painkiller, morphine packs plenty of punch. And for that reason the chem is, like heroin, quite dangerous if not taken under medical supervision.

In the United States, a small percentage of the morphine obtained from opium is used directly for pharmaceutical products. The remaining morphine is processed into codeine and other derivatives.

Morphine use carries most of the same risks as heroin use carries.

As with injection of heroin, injection of morphine can be quite risky -- because very often carelessness accompanies the need for relief.

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Opium
Opium is the name used for the dried juice of a particular poppy plant. The odorous, reddish-brown substance is kneaded into balls, cakes or strips.

Opium has been in high demand for thousands of years both for its painkiller and feel-good effects.

Opium is often smoked by recreational users, though the bitter flavor can be reduced when mixed with food.

Morphine, heroin and fentanyl are processed from opium. Other painkillers, such as oxycodone, are closely related to opium chemically. That goes for codeine, also.

Though opium is not nearly as strong as morphine or heroin, you can still wind up addicted to the stuff.

These days, drug dealers don't bother with crude opium. They're more interested in selling you refined products like heroin, fentanyl and pain pills.

Codeine
Codeine is made from the poppy plant and used to stifle nagging coughs and to quiet minor pain.

Some people guzzle the stuff in order to get an opiate buzz. That's a good way to shut down your breathing system and die. Or end up with permanent brain damage. And, like other opiates and opioids the chem is addictive.
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Fentanyl
Fentanyl is about 50 times stronger than heroin. That may sound exciting, but that means it's real easy to OD on the stuff. Tiny amounts can send you to meet your Maker earlier than you had planned on.

The chem, like other opiates and opioids, is very useful in the hands of experts for helping patients avert severe pain.

But, drug dealers have found that the chem is easy enough to make in Mexican labs with precursor chems shipped from China and elsewhere. And because it is so potent, it is easier to smuggle than other outlawed chems. That means U.S. dealers can lace heroin and pills with the stuff in order to give weak chems a punch. But, who knows how much of a punch?

As with all such drugs, the biggest danger is that your breathing system shuts off and you either die or have permanent severe brain damage.

Some of fentanyl's victims
https://dbookforyou.blogspot.com/p/some-fentanyl-victims.html
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Oxy and prescription pain pills
Oxy is short for the prescription pain pill oxycodone, which is sold under the brands OxyContin and Percocet. Another common opioid pain pill is hydrocodone, which is sold under the brand Vicodin.

Both morphine, sold as Kadian and Avinza, and fentanyl are marketed as prescription pills.

When these pills are mixed with alcohol, which also depresses the nervous system, the risk of death or severe brain damage from respiratory failure is high. And, as the body begins to resist -- or tolerate -- the chem with repeated use, the user may chase the initial high by swallowing more and more at once.

Too much can bring on an OD death. But how much is too much? The user's ability to estimate this is clouded both by the demands of craving and by a lack of technical knowledge.

Further, once you're hooked on pills, you may find that street heroin is cheaper. The only drawback is that shooting up with needles is the cheapest mode of ingestion. But the peril of contracting awful diseases via dirty needles and syringes is nothing to laugh off.
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Marmalade: Gotta Get Up to Get Down
Ringo: Gotta...


Benzos
Benzos -- or benzodiazepines -- are depressants that produce sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce or halt seizures.

The most common benzodiazepines are the prescription drugs Valium, Xanax, Halcion, Ativan and Klonopin. Shorter-acting benzos used for sleeping pills include Prosom, Dalmane, Restoril and Halcion. Versed is a short-acting med used by doctors to relax emergency or surgical patients.

Benzo pills sold on the street are routinely popped directly or crushed and snorted. Benzos are often sought by heroin and opioid pill users either as substitute downers or in hopes of enhancing the feel-good state. Cocaine users also use benzos, either to calm down a coke rush or to obtain an effect similar to the cocaine-heroin, or speedball, effect.
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The Man in Black: Ring of Fire

Aside from slowing the heart and lungs, benzos are known for bringing on amnesia, nightmarish dreams, irritability and even hostility.

Signs of benzo overdose are pretty much the same as those for other downers: Extreme drowsiness, confusion, impaired coordination, decreased reflexes and very shallow breathing. Coma and and death are possible.

Mixing benzos with other downers, such as alcohol, is a good way to end up in the morgue. Sometimes the effects of such combos do more than add together. It's as if one chem plus another chem doesn't equal two chems but now equals 10 chems in drug power. On this line, a couple years back nearly 14 percent of people who had died using opioids and opiates were found to also have taken benzos.

Without telling customers, drug dealers sometimes mix benzos into opiates and opioids as a means of stretching supplies.

Benzos can be dangerous even to people who have prescriptions. For example, benzos have been found in the bloodstreams of drivers involved in an alarming number of fatal car crashes.

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Z-drugs
Z-drugs are in some ways similar to benzos, but in general don't carry as much risk for misuse. But even so, when they are misused great danger lurks.

Z-drugs are so called because they tend to have a z in their generic names and also because they are prescribed in order to help people "cut z's" -- get some sleep. Like benzos, Z-drugs are sometimes classed as hypnotics because they tend to put you in a trance-like state by reducing brain activity. They cut down on the number of neurons firing in your head.

Some names are
Zopiclone, sold under the brand Zimovane.
Eszoplicone, sold under the brand Lunesta.
Zaleplon, sold as Sonata.
Zolpidem, sold as Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar and Zolpimist.
If you combine Z-med use with alcohol or other chems, your chances of getting hooked on them goes up. People who are being treated for chem abuse may find it wise to steer clear of Z-drugs, as the potential for death is not minor. Signs of Z-drug overdose include:
Extreme lethargy, coma.
Major slowdowns of heart and lungs.
Poor coordination and reflexes.
Bad reasoning and judgment, slurred speech.
Blackouts, in which the user lives in some "alternate reality" that is later forgotten.
Hallucinations and delusions.
Seizures if the Z-med is taken along with alcohol or uppers.
As with alcohol and other downers, a dangerous overdose can happen even when not all these symptoms occur.
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Barbiturates
Barbiturates make up a class of depressant drugs that have long been used to counter insomnia, relieve anxiety, calm muscle spasms and prevent seizures. But they have been largely replaced by benzos and Z-drugs. Even so, they are still around -- and still dangerous, especially when mixed with alcohol.

Here are a few names:
Amobarbital is a short-term medicine used to treat insomnia.
Butalbital, marketed under such brands as Fiorinal, is often sold as a combo headache pill that may include such chems as aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine or codeine.
Methohexital is an anesthetic used in such procedures as electroconvulsive therapy.
Pentobarbital, sold under the brand Nembutal, was used as a sleep pill to help insomniacs doze off. But it is no longer available, except for special medical reasons, such as halting seizures.
Phenobarbital is used to head off seizures and to stop them while they are in progress.
Primidone also prevents convulsions and seizures.
Secobarbital, sold under the brand Seconal, treats insomnia, but is no longer a top favorite of doctors.
Pentothal is a short-term pain killer sometimes used to assist in hypnotism.
Careless barbiturate poppers face the same risks as users of other downers: Death or severe brain damage from respiratory failure. That risk goes way up when pills are crushed, mixed with water and injected.

The danger of OD is spotlighted by the fact that injected barbiturates are used for executing prisoners, for euthanasia ("mercy killing") and for state-sanctioned ("legal") suicide.
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Xylazine
Xylazine is used by veterinarians to tranquilize animals and lacks any medical use for humans. The stuff is sometimes sold on the street laced with the super-powerful opiate known as fentanyl. The idea is to stretch out the feel-good high from the fentanyl.

Xylazine has been linked to a surge in drug deaths.

As with benzos and Z-drugs, xylazine use can be dangerous. Your heart rate and breathing can slow down to the point of death. Mixing the stuff with other downers, such as alcohol, greatly boosts your risk of death or longterm body damage.
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The author of The Funny Stuff Funnies takes sole responsibility for the content of this e-booklet. This booklet has not been sponsored, either directly or indirectly, by any government or non-government organization or fellowship, such as AA or NA.
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Sex and chems


As a public service, NEWS of the WORLD reprints The FUNNY STUFF FUNNIES, an educational comic book giving basic facts on drugs and alcohol. Each post reproduces a page from the booklet, which is aimed at young persons and which avoids sermonizing and excessive wordiness.

XI
Tap phone images for better views.
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As anyone knows, probably the most used sex chem is alcohol. People often go out drinking with the idea they might have some casual sex (and not only men think like that). But even if that's not the idea when they decide to party, the lowered inhibitions can result in sex situations that are later deeply regretted. Please see the main page on alcohol for more facts, as well as other alcohol pages which are linked in the sidebar.

Sometimes a chem can make you so relaxed or hyped up that sex is out of the question. But, let's face it, every mind chem affects your inhibitions. Occasionally you might get more inhibited, as when you get paranoid from too much crack or other stimulant. But much of the time, even with uppers, your guard goes down quite a bit. In fact, that's a big reason people use mind chems. They're tired of their inhibitions spoiling their fun in life.
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Obviously inhibitions can be useful or not so good. The trouble is that both kind of inhibition are liable to drop when you're high, possibly putting you in a dangerous situation. You might have sex with someone who has a disease you can do without. You might be raped because you are too drugged to resist. In fact, date rape drugs go back at least a century. In old movies, people are rendered unconscious at a bar after being slipped a "Mickey Finn" (named for a bartender who used knockout drops to rob customers).

When at a party or out on the town, it's a good idea not to let your drink out of your sight.

Ecstasy
Ecstasy, or MDMA, is often used as a party chem. It's like a combo of meth and the hallucinogen mescaline. It sometimes goes by the handles Molly, Adam or X.

Back when, these feel-good pills were used to help patients overcome crippling anxiety and depression.

The stimulant jolts the system into a higher state of alertness and the hallucinogen compels the patient to see his or her problems differently. The chem works because it temporarily knocks out the shadow of depression that never lets the victim get off the ground.
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People liked it because inhibitions dropped, intimacy went up and the speedy effect gave them staying power. Some users had a big boost in their sex lives -- for better or for worse.

But enough people began showing up at hospitals and drug abuse centers to cause government to crack down on its use.

As with other stimulants, health effects include:

Short-term. Lowered inhibitions, increased heart rate and blood pressure, muscle tension, nausea, faintness, chills or sweating, spike in body temperature leading to kidney failure or death. Long-term. Long-lasting confusion, depression, problems with attention, memory, and sleep; increased anxiety, impulsiveness; less interest in sex.

With effects like those, we don't need to split hairs over whether or not X is addictive.

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Rohypnol
As one of the benzos, Rohypnol, or roofies, is a particularly strong sedative that is now outlawed in the United States. Sometimes the drug, under the brand Flunitrazepam, is smuggled acrosss U.S. borders. These crushed-up pills dissolve in a drink rather easily.

Some effects:
Drowsiness, sedation, sleep
Amnesia, blackout
Decreased anxiety
Muscle relaxation
Poor reflexes and coordination
Confusion
Slurred speech
Headache
Slowed breathing and heart rate
Also possible are aggression and excitability

Withdrawal symptoms can be really bad: Hallucinations, delirium, convulsions, seizures or shock.

As with other downers, mixing in alcohol or other depressants compounds the risk of a possibly fatal overdose.
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Cyndi: Girls Just Wanna Have Fun

GHB
GHB is a depressant used to treat people given to sudden, unwanted spells of daytime sleep.

People with that disorder, known as narcolepsy, are prescribed GHB under the brand Xyrem.

GHB -- and some chemically similar drugs -- are used both as sex enhancers and date rape chems. Typically the stuff comes as a clear liquid or white powder or sometimes in pill form.

Dangers of GHB use are pretty much the same as those for Rohypnol (above) and for most "recreational" downers. If someone slips GHB into your alcoholic beverage, they may not get to rape you before your heart-lung system goes kaput and you die.
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Ketamine
Ketamine is used as a sedative for animals and sometimes for humans. It comes as a powder or a clear liquid that’s not noticeable in an alcoholic drink. As a dissociative drug, ketamine can make you feel like you’re in a dream and may cause you to lose muscle function and consciousness.

“Special K” trippers say the chem's effect lasts between 30 minutes and a few hours, which they prefer to the longer-lasting effects of LSD and other trippy chems.

A person under the influence of ketamine may find it impossible to ward off unwanted sexual interaction. Some of the states of mind reported include:
• K-land. Wow, baby, dig all the colors.
• K-hole. Did I die and come out of my body?
• Baby food. Oh I just wanna cuddle here in Mommy's arms.
• God. It's the Force Upstairs! Right here!
Unfun possible aftereffects include agitation, depression, confusion, unconsciousness and amnesia.

Overdose symptoms follow the pattern of other sex and date rape drugs. Fatalities occur.

Knockout drops
The chem used in the Mickey Finn knockout drops of old movies is still used to sedate people before surgery.

As with other nervous system depressants, chloral hydrate (Noctec), can bring on a dangerous overdose. See the sections above for risks and symptoms of overdose.
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The author of The Funny Stuff Funnies takes sole responsibility for the content of this e-booklet. This booklet has not been sponsored, either directly or indirectly, by any government or non-government organization or fellowship, such as AA or NA.
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Find table of content for Funny Stuff Funnies at this link.
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Psychotronic mind games